A onetime art director who worked for Alexey Brodovitch at Harper's Bazaar, her photographic career took off in 1947, after she had taught herself. Her goal was "to take the hardness out of photography," which she accomplished through various darkroom manipulations.
"She changed fashion history, changed photography, and changed the way we see women," Glenda Bailey, the editor in chief of Harper's Bazaar, said in a statement on Tuesday. "The touching sensuality with which she imbued her work was extraordinary. She was a visionary, a pioneer, and her work was quietly powerful."